Criteria It is awarded to all service members of the U.S. Air Force who complete four years of honorable active or reserve military service with any branch of the United States Armed Forces. The Air Force Long... It is awarded to all service members of the U.S. Air Force who complete four years of honorable active or reserve military service with any branch of the United States Armed Forces. The Air Force Longevity Service Award is a ribbon that replaces the Federal Service Stripes previously worn on the uniform. MoreHide
Criteria The Distinguished Flying Cross may be awarded to military members who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism or outstanding achievement while participa... The Distinguished Flying Cross may be awarded to military members who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism or outstanding achievement while participating in aerial flight. MoreHide
Comments On October 21, 1968 we landed at the community of Song Mao about 70 miles southwest of Cam Ranh Bay. October is the second rainiest month of the "rainy season" in Vietnam. That day the weather was e... On October 21, 1968 we landed at the community of Song Mao about 70 miles southwest of Cam Ranh Bay. October is the second rainiest month of the "rainy season" in Vietnam. That day the weather was especially bad. We landed with a heavy load, intending to pick up 10 South Vietnamese soldiers. The airfield was a cleared and leveled field covered with Perforated Steel Planks (PSP) so that it could be used as an airfield. It was 4,000 feet long, about the minimum length for our loaded airplane to land. PSP is slick in the rain and we skidded on landing. The pilot, Col John Turregano and copilot, Lt. Dan Marchioni maintained control and when we stopped, we had the entire crew look over the undercarriage to determine any damage from the skid. We saw no damage so we then loaded the soldiers to continue our mission.
We started our takeoff roll and when we got to lift off speed and past any abort options the aircraft began to violently shake. We thought we might have taken ground fire hits. Then when we reached about 100 feet, Col Turregano's seat suddenly failed, causing it to crash to its bottom position. That startled all of us because we thought Col Turregano had been hit. Col Turregano immediately said to Lt Marchioni, "You"ve got it! Lt Marchioni took control of the plane and we continued our climb. Col Turregano, the flight engineer and I repaired his seat as we finished the climb. When we reached our cruising altitude, the shaking had stopped but we knew we had a problem.
The weather was even more miserable on the coast where our potential landing bases were, and in fact, the wet conditions had caused all ground high voltage electrical power on the coast to fail. We could expect no descent or landing help from the ground. We descended for safety over the water and made several low passes over Nha Trang airfield to see if anyone on the ground could tell what the problems with our aircraft were. Ground observers could see no damage to our plane. The cloud cover descended even further and the flight engineer warned us that we were running short of fuel. We concluded we must land, regardless of the unknown problems with the aircraft.
We then flew south to Cam Ranh Bay, our home base but, as a result of the storm, ground assisted landings were unavailable. I had been maintaining my "Airborne Radar Approach" (ARA) training wherein, as a last resort, the navigator aboard the aircraft guides the aircraft to a landing when ground assisted approaches were not available. I was given an excellent opportunity to use my ARA skills in this situation.
Ground observers had determined that the cloud cover was below the minimum level for an ARA but at this point we had no choice but to attempt one anyway. My job as navigator was to guide the airplane, using radar, to the approach end of the airfield at a reasonable height for a visual landing and keep the pilots on the glide path, (the proper altitudes along the approach.) We commenced the ARA but when we reached our minimum altitude, we could not see the ground.
Because we were low on fuel, and the recommended minimums were known to have a small margin for error, we decided to descend slightly lower. We broke out of the clouds but were off center for a landing. I can still see, 47 years later, a clear image of the airport tower just a few feet below us as we passed.
We climbed back out and circled for another attempt. By this time we were seriously considering the possibility of having to ditch the airplane in the water if we were unable to land with this next approach. Once again, I used my radar scope and altimeter to keep us on the proper glide path and slope but this time when we got to our minimum altitude, we were able to see the runway. We landed and when we did the aircraft, once again, began the violent shake. The pilots were able to maintain control and brought us to a stop. We were happy to be on the ground in one piece!
Later, maintenance people inspected the plane and it was determined that when we skidded on landing at Song Mao we had scrubbed all the rubber from a relatively small part of our tires and thus caused them to be severely out of balance. When we reached takeoff speed at Song Mao and when we landed at Cam Ranh Bay the spinning wheels caused the violent shake.
Criteria The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while partic... The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while participating in aerial flight, but not of a degree that would justify an award of the Distinguished Flying Cross. MoreHide
Criteria The Vietnam Service Medal was awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who served at any time between July 4, 1965, and March 28, 1973, in Vietnam or its contiguous waters or airspa... The Vietnam Service Medal was awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who served at any time between July 4, 1965, and March 28, 1973, in Vietnam or its contiguous waters or airspace; or, for any period of service during the same time period in Thailand, Laos, or Cambodia or the air spaces thereover and in direct support of operations in Vietnam. MoreHide
Criteria The Vietnam Service Medal was awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who served at any time between July 4, 1965, and March 28, 1973, in Vietnam or its contiguous waters or airspa... The Vietnam Service Medal was awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who served at any time between July 4, 1965, and March 28, 1973, in Vietnam or its contiguous waters or airspace; or, for any period of service during the same time period in Thailand, Laos, or Cambodia or the air spaces thereover and in direct support of operations in Vietnam. MoreHide
Criteria Awarded by the Vietnam Government to military personnel who have accomplished deeds of valor or displayed heroic conduct while fighting the enemy and have been cited individually at the regiment, brig... Awarded by the Vietnam Government to military personnel who have accomplished deeds of valor or displayed heroic conduct while fighting the enemy and have been cited individually at the regiment, brigade, division, corps, or armed forces level. MoreHide
Description Cam Ranh Air Force Base is located on Cam Ranh Bay in Khánh Hòa Province, Vietnam. It was one of several air bases built and used by the United States Air Force (USAF) during the Vietnam War.
Cam RanCam Ranh Air Force Base is located on Cam Ranh Bay in Khánh Hòa Province, Vietnam. It was one of several air bases built and used by the United States Air Force (USAF) during the Vietnam War.
Cam Ranh Air Force Base was part of the large Cam Ranh Bay logistics facility built by the United States. It was the major military seaport used by the United States for the offloading of supplies, military equipment and as a major Naval base. Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force units all had compounds and units assigned to the Cam Ranh Bay facility from its opening in 1965 until its closure in 1972 as part of the drawdown of United States military forces in South Vietnam.... More
Tan Son Nhut Air Base (1955–1975) was a Republic of Vietnam Air Force (VNAF) facility. It is located near the city of Saigon in southern Vietnam.
The United States used it as a major b
Tan Son Nhut Air Base (1955–1975) was a Republic of Vietnam Air Force (VNAF) facility. It is located near the city of Saigon in southern Vietnam.
The United States used it as a major base during the Vietnam War (1959–1975), stationing Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine units there. Following the Fall of Saigon, it was taken over as a Vietnam People's Air Force (VPAF) facility.
Description Bien Hoa Air Base is a Vietnam People's Air Force (Không quân Nhân dân Vietnam) military airfield located in South-Central southern Vietnam about 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Saigon near the city of BiêBien Hoa Air Base is a Vietnam People's Air Force (Không quân Nhân dân Vietnam) military airfield located in South-Central southern Vietnam about 25 kilometres (16 mi) from Saigon near the city of Biên Hòa within Dong Nai Province.
During the Vietnam Wars (1955–1975), the base was used by the Republic of Vietnam Air Force (VNAF). The United States used it as a major base from 1961 through 1973, stationing Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine units there.... More
Criteria The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while partic... The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while participating in aerial flight, but not of a degree that would justify an award of the Distinguished Flying Cross. MoreHide
Criteria The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while partic... The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while participating in aerial flight, but not of a degree that would justify an award of the Distinguished Flying Cross. MoreHide
Criteria The Vietnam Service Medal was awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who served at any time between July 4, 1965, and March 28, 1973, in Vietnam or its contiguous waters or airspa... The Vietnam Service Medal was awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who served at any time between July 4, 1965, and March 28, 1973, in Vietnam or its contiguous waters or airspace; or, for any period of service during the same time period in Thailand, Laos, or Cambodia or the air spaces thereover and in direct support of operations in Vietnam. MoreHide
Criteria The Vietnam Service Medal was awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who served at any time between July 4, 1965, and March 28, 1973, in Vietnam or its contiguous waters or airspa... The Vietnam Service Medal was awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who served at any time between July 4, 1965, and March 28, 1973, in Vietnam or its contiguous waters or airspace; or, for any period of service during the same time period in Thailand, Laos, or Cambodia or the air spaces thereover and in direct support of operations in Vietnam. MoreHide
Criteria The Vietnam Service Medal was awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who served at any time between July 4, 1965, and March 28, 1973, in Vietnam or its contiguous waters or airspa... The Vietnam Service Medal was awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who served at any time between July 4, 1965, and March 28, 1973, in Vietnam or its contiguous waters or airspace; or, for any period of service during the same time period in Thailand, Laos, or Cambodia or the air spaces thereover and in direct support of operations in Vietnam. MoreHide
Criteria The Distinguished Flying Cross may be awarded to military members who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism or outstanding achievement while participa... The Distinguished Flying Cross may be awarded to military members who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism or outstanding achievement while participating in aerial flight. MoreHide
Comments CITATION TO ACCOMPANY THE AWARD OF
THE DISTINGUISHED FLYING CROSS
HEROISM
TO
RONALD L. HENSELL
First Lieutenant Ronald L. Hensell distinguished himself by heroism while participating in aerial flight as ... CITATION TO ACCOMPANY THE AWARD OF
THE DISTINGUISHED FLYING CROSS
HEROISM
TO
RONALD L. HENSELL
First Lieutenant Ronald L. Hensell distinguished himself by heroism while participating in aerial flight as a B-57 navigator-bomardier in Southeast Asia on 26 December 1967. On that date, Lieutenant Hensell conducted a highly successful night, single ship armed reconnaissance mission against a hostile truck convoy carrying supplies into the Republic of Viertnam. Despite a low ceiling over the mountainous target, Lieutenant Hensell attacked the convoy and srtopped the lead vehicles with precision accuracy. When intense groundfire was directed at his aircraft, Lieutenant Hensell, with complete disregard for his own safety, continued the attack and destroyed eight trucks and their cargo of supplies destined for use against the United States and Allied Forces in South Vietnam. The outstanding heroism and selfless devotion to duty displayed by Lieutenant Hensell reflect great credit upon himself and the United States Air Force.
Award presented by General Benjamin O. Davis Jr., Clark AB, Philippines in 1968. MoreHide
Criteria The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while partic... The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while participating in aerial flight, but not of a degree that would justify an award of the Distinguished Flying Cross. MoreHide
Criteria The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while partic... The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while participating in aerial flight, but not of a degree that would justify an award of the Distinguished Flying Cross. MoreHide
Criteria The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while partic... The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while participating in aerial flight, but not of a degree that would justify an award of the Distinguished Flying Cross. MoreHide
Criteria The Presidential Unit Citation may be awarded to units of the Armed Forces of the United States and cobelligerent nations for extraordinary heroism in action against an armed enemy occurring on or aft... The Presidential Unit Citation may be awarded to units of the Armed Forces of the United States and cobelligerent nations for extraordinary heroism in action against an armed enemy occurring on or after December 7, 1941. MoreHide
Criteria The Presidential Unit Citation may be awarded to units of the Armed Forces of the United States and cobelligerent nations for extraordinary heroism in action against an armed enemy occurring on or aft... The Presidential Unit Citation may be awarded to units of the Armed Forces of the United States and cobelligerent nations for extraordinary heroism in action against an armed enemy occurring on or after December 7, 1941. MoreHide
Criteria The Outstanding Unit Award may be awarded by the Secretary of the Air Force to numbered units such as Air Forces, Air Divisions, Wings, Groups, and Squadrons and to Medical Facilities such as hospital... The Outstanding Unit Award may be awarded by the Secretary of the Air Force to numbered units such as Air Forces, Air Divisions, Wings, Groups, and Squadrons and to Medical Facilities such as hospitals, clinics, and medical centers (whether or not they are numbered) for exceptionally meritorious service or exceptionally outstanding achievement that clearly sets the unit above and apart from similar units. Heroism may be involved, but is not essential. MoreHide
Criteria The Vietnam Service Medal was awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who served at any time between July 4, 1965, and March 28, 1973, in Vietnam or its contiguous waters or airspa... The Vietnam Service Medal was awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who served at any time between July 4, 1965, and March 28, 1973, in Vietnam or its contiguous waters or airspace; or, for any period of service during the same time period in Thailand, Laos, or Cambodia or the air spaces thereover and in direct support of operations in Vietnam. MoreHide
Criteria The Vietnam Service Medal was awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who served at any time between July 4, 1965, and March 28, 1973, in Vietnam or its contiguous waters or airspa... The Vietnam Service Medal was awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who served at any time between July 4, 1965, and March 28, 1973, in Vietnam or its contiguous waters or airspace; or, for any period of service during the same time period in Thailand, Laos, or Cambodia or the air spaces thereover and in direct support of operations in Vietnam. MoreHide
Description This period was from January 22-July 7, 1968.
The air campaign in defense of Khe Sanh, an outpost held by the U.S. 26th Marine Regiment. began on January 22. 1968. For 2 and 1/2 months Allied tacticalThis period was from January 22-July 7, 1968.
The air campaign in defense of Khe Sanh, an outpost held by the U.S. 26th Marine Regiment. began on January 22. 1968. For 2 and 1/2 months Allied tactical air forces continuously attacked targets surrounding the base and B-52s dropped bombs near Khe Sanh on an average of every 90 minutes. At night AC-47 gunships provided illumination and close air support. Air Force and Marine airlifters. mostly C-130s. frequently landed under fire at the Khe Sanh airstrip. bringing in supplies and reinforcements and flying out the wounded and refugees. When the transports could no longer land because of intense mortar and artillery fire. their crews used parachutes and arrester cables to extract cargo from the aircraft as they flew a few feet above the ground over the airstrip. Beginning on March 6 the Seventh Air Force provided fighter escorts to suppress enemy fire and lay down smoke screens until the C-130s dropped their cargoes. Gen. William C. Westmoreland, MACV Commander, encountered difficulties coordinating the air resources of the USAF and U.S. Marines to meet both the military demands at Khe Sanh and the requirements introduced by the Tet Offensive that the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong launched on January 30, 1968. On March 8 he appointed the Seventh Air Force Commander. Gen. William W. Momyer, as Deputy Commander for Air Operations. MACV. to manage all tactical air resources in South Vietnam.
Late in March 1968 the North Vietnamese surrounding Khe Sanhmwithdrew. leaving only a single NVA division to oppose the Allied advance. On April 1, the 1st Marine regiment and the Army's 1st Cavalry Division moved along Route 9. relieving Khe Sanh 5 days later. On April 10. for the first time in 48 days. no shells fell on the base.
A week later, on April 19. the Allies mounted a helicopter-bome attack against A Shau Valley on the Laotian border. 30 miles south- west of Hue. The Viet Cong and NVA had built a vast stores and logistical base in this area since 1966. Preliminary USAF and Allied air strikes. including B-52 bombings between April 8 and 13, 1968. failed to clear the enemy from landing zones. In spite of the heavy resistance. on April 24, the U.S. Army seized the A Luoi airstrip at the northwest end of the valley. USAF transports airdropped supplies. often during bad weather and without tactical air support, because intense ground fire prevented the landing of C-130s until May 4. The Viet Cong and North Vietnamese withdrew into Laos in mid-May, leaving behind large caches of weapons and supplies.
Earlier in the year. on January 30, the Viet Cong and North Vietnamese launched the Tet (Buddhist New Year) Offensive throughout South Vietnam in an effort to regain the political and military initiative that they had held 2 years previously. At Bien Hoa and Tan Son Nhut Air Bases. alert base defenders successfully repulsed initial attacks, but in the next 2 weeks the air bases came under frequent mortar and rocket attacks; in all, the USAF lost 14 aircraft on the ground and another 114 damaged. During the Tet Offensive. Seventh Air Force pilots provided close air support for Allied troops. and C-7s and C-130s hauled ammunition, supplies, and reinforcements to isolated areas. Within 2 or 3 days Allied forces cleared the Viet Cong troops from all cities except Saigon and Hue. By February 5, the Allies had driven the Viet Cong from Saigon, although a large force remained in the vicinity. North Vietnamese forces that had taken the old imperial city of Hue were more difficult to dislodge. The Seventh Air Force used close air support carefully to avoid indiscriminate and unwanted damage in Hue; AC-130 gunships that could deliver precise fire day or night provided the most effective support. On February 25, Allied forces succeeded in driving the enemy from the city. Although
the Allies successfully and rapidly countered the Tet Offensive. the Communists gained a significant propaganda victory. Many Ameri- cans believed that a failure of U.S. military policy had permitted the Communists to mount so extensive a battle throughout South Vietnam.... More
Memories The last eventful flight I had in B-57s was mundane but yet spectacular. It was on a normal night sThe last eventful flight I had in B-57s was mundane but yet spectacular. It was on a normal night schedule on January 31, 1968 which was Tet, the first day of the Vietnamese New Year. We did not expect anything unusual because normally both the North and South Vietnamese would cease fire for the day. However, during the day it became clear that there was significant combat going on throughout South Vietnam. Phan Rang was protected by Republic of Korea troops and, I’ve heard, because of their brutal interrogation methods, enemy activity was minimal near our base but the rest of Vietnam was in chaos. Our flight was changed from an interdiction mission in Laos to a combat support mission in South Vietnam. The reason the mission was memorable was the view of South Vietnam as we flew south. The entire country looked like it was on fire! I don’t, after 47 years, even recall the rest of the mission but that part was spectacular! ... More
Other Memories The Mission During the Vietnam War, the B-57 was chosen as the first jet aircraft to strike North Vietnam. Its long range and loiter capability with a large payload made it the logical choice as the "Night Intruder" for interdiction on the Ho Chi Minh Trail. The use of fire bombs, hard bombs up to 1000 pounds, 20 millimeter and 50 caliber guns made the B-57 a formidable weapons delivery system against the transfer of supplies through Laos and Cambodia into South Vietnam. With the aid of C-130's, OV-10's and Ov-2 aircraft as Forward Air Controllers (FAC), the B-57 was the most effective system used against transporting war goods into South Vietnam through Laos and Cambodia. The Eighth and Thirteenth Tactical Bomb Squadrons (8TBS, 13TBS) stationed at Clark Air Base, Philippines initially launched sorties from Bien Hoa. Later, Danang Air Base near the DMZ became the base of operations. The final station was Phan Rang (Happy Valley) where the 8TBS, as the oldest continuously operating bomb squadron in the Air Force (World War I), continued the mission until 1969. The pilot was responsible for the 250 knot dive run and bomb release, but the back seat navigator was a second pair of eyes, spotter, observer, navigator and radio operator. On the pullout, the aircraft and crew were under a four "g" stress without the use of special equipment. Several crews were lost in midair collisions, target fixation and ground fire during the night missions. The most sophisticated piece of equipment in the aircraft was the rheostat which lighted the manually operated bomb sight. Aircrews who flew early missions into North Vietnam wore the DOOM PUSSY (Danang Officers' Open Mess) patch. The DOOM PUSSY was turned to the wall each night until the crews returned. The words in Vietnamese mean, "I have flown into the jaws of the Cat of Death". Later all crews who participated in the night missions wore the insignia.
Description Phan Rang Air Base (also called Thành Sơn Air Base) is a Vietnam People's Air Force (VPAF) (Khong Quan Nhan Dan Viet Nam) military airfield in Vietnam. It is located 5.2 miles (8.4 km) north-northwestPhan Rang Air Base (also called Thành Sơn Air Base) is a Vietnam People's Air Force (VPAF) (Khong Quan Nhan Dan Viet Nam) military airfield in Vietnam. It is located 5.2 miles (8.4 km) north-northwest of Phan Rang – Tháp Chàm in Ninh Thuận Province.
Initially built by the Imperial Japanese Army about 1942, the airfield was also used by the French Air Force (French: Armée de l'Air) during the First Indochina War then abandoned in 1954. The United States rebuilt the airfield in 1965 and it was used by the Republic of Vietnam Air Force (RVNAF) and the United States Air Force during the Vietnam War in the II Corps Tactical Zone of South Vietnam.
It was seized by the People's Army of Vietnam (PAVN) in April 1975 and has been in use by the VPAF ever since.... More
People You Remember
I did not know any of the people in the narrative below but was entitled to and wore the Do
I did not know any of the people in the narrative below but was entitled to and wore the Doom Pussy patch throughout my tour at Phan Rang.
Ron I Have Flown Into the Jaws Of The Cat Of Death
The Doom Pussy emblem had its origin early in the Vietnam War.
The designer of the meaningful patch tells how it began and what it means.
Bob Galbreath
I designed the original patch [left]. The original plan was for the patch to say "Into the Mouth of the Cat of Doom" in English. Then one night at the bar in the compound at Bien Hoa between rounds of "Diesel and Juice" a group of us including Smash Chandler, Art Jepson and some others started talking about maybe the motto should be in Latin because it would be more "classy"**. Then someone - my recollection is that it was Art [Jeppson] but perhaps it was someone else -- had the idea that it should be in Vietnamese. So some time passed while I was looking for someone to translate the words when the ramp explosion at Bien Hoa took place on 16 May 65. (I was the nav in the last plane to taxi off the ramp and was sitting at run-up when the explosion started.)
2/5/14 Comment: I was interested in the article about the DOOM patch. Here is the original story about DOOM. This acronym stood for the Danang Officers Open Mess. One of our members got a porcelain mug from his wife. It was a poor likeness of a cats head. As all will know, pussy was on our minds for an obvious reason and the members wife intended the mug as something of a reminder to her husband. The mug was placed up over the bar. Later long after I left, a female writer wrote a book about it. I was Chief of STA/EVAL.
November 1, 1964
Two days before the U.S. presidential election, Vietcong mortars shell Bien Hoa Air Base near Saigon. Four Americans are killed, 76 wounded. Five B-57 bombers are destroyed from the ensuing explosions. Fifteen were damaged. Whether or not the mortars caused the explosions or faulty bomb fuses, as some have suggested. the result was devastating to the B-57 force. It led to the relocation of the force to other bases and finally the installation of revetments at Phan Rang.
Art was killed in the explosion and that prompted me to move ahead with the patch because he had been so enthusiastic about it. We were living in the Dust Off barracks at Tan Son Nhut after evacuating from Bien Hoa and, in desperation, I ended up asking one of the laundry girls thereto translate the words. She translated it as "Trong Mieng Cua Con Men Cua Tham Phan." I took the design to the tailor shop in Saigon called Cheap Charlie's and ordered about fifty patches.
Months later, in November or perhaps December, after we had permanently moved to Danang, some crews were on the way to the flight line one day in the bread truck [a van-type vehicle used for crew transport] and we were discussing the need for a new order of patches. A VNAF [Vietnamese Air Force] pilot, Capt Lan, whom I had flown with during his B57 training at Clark, was with us and he told us that he didn't think the patch said what we thought it said. That evening at the club (the DOOM club of course) I discussed it with Lan. He said that he felt that "tham phan" really meant "destiny" and that doom would probably be "dinh mang”. Although he said that the concepts of Doom and Destiny were complex in Vietnamese culture and that it was open to interpretation.
I remember thinking at the time that "destiny" was not really what we had in mind when we conceived the emblem so the next order for patches which went out a few days later, included "dinh mang" in place of "than phan" and the rest is history as they say. It would be interesting to have the motto professionally translated and find out who was right; the captain or the laundry girl.
My only quibble with the translation you have on the web site, "I have flown into the jaws of the Cat of Death and returned", is with the words "and returned;" While it is true that a guy who didn't return wouldn't have a need for a patch, it was really him and the possibility, of ourselves being him that was on our minds when we conceived the patch. I guess philosophically the point is, going up there was enough; you didn't have to return to earn the patch.
Incidentally, as you probably know, the patch was copied over and over for the rest of the war by lots of people who had no connection with the original North Vietnam at night mission or any idea what “Canberra Night Fighter” was. Somewhere along the line a strip saying, “The Doom Pussy”, was added to the bottom of the patch. This was never a part of the original design.
**Speaking of “classy”, the first draft of the design showed a Canberra disappearing into the darkness of a saber-toothed, human vagina! However, we decided that as lax as uniform standards were at the time, the colonels probably wouldn’t let us wear a patch like that. So the “pussy” was changed to a cat.
Bob Galbreath Editor’s note: I do know of some civilian females who were unfortunately given the patch as “souvenirs”. No doubt there was others who received it undeservedly. As for the rest of us who DO know the Canberra story and flew its night missions in “another country” against triple A fire and in memory of those comrades who did not return, there is a special feeling towards the emblem - whatever its interpretation. I have changed the motto where it appears on this web site and thank Bob for his correction.>
MW
Original
Recently I have had some inquiries from patch collectors about the original Doom Pussy patch. So I finally had a photographer friend photograph some original patches. The first batch of 50 patches was made in June 1965. These had the "original" motto.There were 100 in the second batch which had the "corrected" motto and were made circa November 65. There were only 150 patches made in Saigon from the original art work. All DP patches made after Dec 65 were copied from one of the originals or copied from copies. If you have a patch with the motto ending in "DINH MANG," and you got it before Nov 65, then you have one of the original 50 patches made.
Description The civil war inside Laos and fears of it spreading into Thailand led the Thai government to allow the United States to covertly use five Thai bases beginning in 1961 for the air defence of Thailand aThe civil war inside Laos and fears of it spreading into Thailand led the Thai government to allow the United States to covertly use five Thai bases beginning in 1961 for the air defence of Thailand and to fly reconnaissance flights over Laos.
Under Thailand's "gentleman's agreement" with the United States, Royal Thai Air Force Bases used by the USAF were considered Royal Thai Air Force bases and were commanded by Thai officers. Thai air police controlled access to the bases, along with USAF Security Police, who assisted them in base defence using sentry dogs, observation towers, and machine gun bunkers. All United States Air Force personnel were not fully armed. There were insufficient arms due to the nature of the mission at NKP. Often instructions were given prior to off-base activities to avoid answering questions posed by the press.
The USAF forces at Nakhon Phanom were under the command of the United States Pacific Air Forces (PACAF).
The APO for NKP was APO San Francisco, 96310... More
Description Operation Barrel Roll was a covert U.S. Air Force 2nd Air Division (later the Seventh Air Force) and U.S. Navy Task Force 77, interdiction and close air support campaign conducted in the Kingdom of LaOperation Barrel Roll was a covert U.S. Air Force 2nd Air Division (later the Seventh Air Force) and U.S. Navy Task Force 77, interdiction and close air support campaign conducted in the Kingdom of Laos between 14 December 1964 and 29 March 1973 conc... More
Memories We got a call for a mission along the Ho Chi Minh Trail in central Laos. When we arrived, there wasWe got a call for a mission along the Ho Chi Minh Trail in central Laos. When we arrived, there was an active conflict going on between A-1 Skyraiders, FACs and anti-aircraft weapons on the ground. As I researched for this missive I noted that the A-1s with the call sign, “Sandy” normally provided cover for air rescue missions. I believe we were called because a "Blind Bat" FAC had been shot down. I recall that there were a number of A-1 aircraft involved. The A-1 was an old World War II fighter-bomber airplane. It was very maneuverable but only flew at about 190 MPH. It did not normally fly at night because it had a reciprocal, (piston) engine and thus was very noisy. Also, on climb out… especially important…with full power applied, the exhaust would be flaming! A terrific target for anti-aircraft weapons!
We made contact with the FAC and decided our best role would be in support of the A-1s. The plan was, when the A-1s climbed out of a dive bomb run, the anti-aircraft weapons would fire and give us a target. We would then dive in and bomb the anti-aircraft weapons. It worked very well! We got at least one anti-aircraft weapon and crew. At the end of the mission, one of the FAC pilots said he was going to put us in for Silver Star medal. We never heard from that pilot again and since we did not bomb vehicles, we accomplished nothing medal worthy in that mission.
The following is a narrative, I believe, of that mission by by Captain Harold W. Lowe a "Blind Bat" forward air controller. "On the night following the downing of Blind Bat 01, I took off as Blind Bat 04 with a throw-together crew. The call sign Blind Bat 01 was never used again. We flew directly to Delta 18, and with one of the Yellowbird B-57's loitering overhead, we set up an ambush of the AAA site that we thought most likely hit 01. We figured that if we could get this guy shooting, Blind Bat 04 could mark his location and Yellowbird could strike. Our tactic was to orbit and flare just up the road from the gun, simulating a pending strike on an approaching convoy. On the third or fourth orbit, the gunners just couldn't stand it anymore and let us have it with a 10 or 15 round burst. Yellowbird was on the perch and rolled in on the target immediately. He released 3 of his 4 iron bombs (500 pounders). He missed, but succeeded in getting the 37 to lay on another long burst. The Yellowbird pilot must have done a hammerhead directly over the gun, (We performed an Immelman in order to maintain visual contact with the AA emplacement.) because what our crew saw next was all but unbelievable. With his anti-collision beacon ON, (We kept the anti-collision lights on to avoid other combat aircraft in the vicinity.) the Yellowbird released his last iron bomb and four napalms in a true vertical attack. With numerous secondaries going off, this guy made pass after pass with his 20mm until he was totally out of ammunition. One can only assume that this guy flying his B-57 out of Phan Rang was some kind of PISSED! We never knew for sure if we got the right gun, but some gun crew paid dearly that night." We were not "pissed." We were just doing our job.
Ron
Description
Various Air Missions and sorties over North Vietnam
Memories 19 missions.
During my first rotation to Phan Rang AB, I had the most frightening mission of my tim19 missions.
During my first rotation to Phan Rang AB, I had the most frightening mission of my time in Vietnam.
The B-57 was (is) a twin engine “fighter bomber” airplane with a rotating internal bomb bay, four pylons for wing bombs, and with machine guns to allow it to serve in a bombing or a staffing role. On each mission, we would take off, climb to about 45,000 feet and usually take about an hour or two to get to our target or assigned “loiter” area. The plane could loiter for more than an hour if we did not descend below about 30,000 feet. For a bomb run, we would descend to about 10,000 feet AGL, enter into about a 30 degree dive, release our bombs at about 4,000 feet and then pull out of the dive, ending at about 2,000 feet AGL. We carried many of the nasty conventional bombs you’ve ever heard of. Our strafing runs would begin much lower and end as low as we had the nerve.
We flew in North Vietnam only at night because the North Vietnamese generally had only 37 and 57 millimeter anti-aircraft guns which were visually and radar operated and we were more difficult to see at night. They used tracers at night to help sight their weapons on their target. The plan was to have one tracer for every five rounds. Our planes had primitive SAM detectors but they were so poor that we did not turn them on because we had no defense in the event a SAM locked on to us. We figured we just didn’t want to know. The North Vietnamese army (NVA) did not deploy SAM’s in the southern portion of North Vietnam where we were assigned or we would not have been able to work there. North Vietnam generally maintained blackout conditions, with no artificial lighting, at night . It was very eerie going from occasional lights on the ground in the south until the North Vietnam border and then no unnecessary lights in the North. You could actually make out the border between north and South Vietnam from the contrast.
In North Vietnam we were assigned "targets of opportunity" meaning that with the help of intelligence indicating where potential targets were, we were to choose, for ourselves, one of several locations to bomb. We would look for lights on the ground which, on a moonless or overcast night, had to be trucks. We loved dark moonless or high overcast nights because then trucks had to use their lights and we could, therefore, see them, especially since no other lights were on. We could only dive bomb at night because we could not see to strafe. We had all our navigation and cockpit (except red) lights off so that the NVA could not see our lights.
We normally flew as a consistent pair but frequently flew as a part of another two man crew when our corresponding crew member was ill or on leave. Col. (then Major) Norris Overly usually flew with Capt. (Lt Col after death) Gaylord Peterson.
One night I was assigned to be Major Overly's navigator-bombardier on a mission to North Vietnam while Capt Peterson was on leave. This was a good dark night.
The mission started as usual with a high altitude flight of about two hours to North Vietnam and then a descent to our loiter altitude of about 30,000 feet. We saw very promising lights at our secondary target at the North Vietnam end of the Ho Chi Minh trail and decided to initiate our bomb run. Early into our bomb run we encountered ground fire which manifested itself in the form of tracers fairly near us. We often encountered ground fire but usually it was not very near us…this time it was pretty close. We continued the run but the tracers began to get a little too close for our comfort so we aborted the run. Kind of makes the hair stand up on the back of your neck.
We climbed back to altitude and after discussion decided the target must be pretty important so we should go back in again in spite of our mounting concern.
This time the ground fire was intense as we went in. They must have had us in their radar sights. The tracers were so intense that it was like being in shower with the water coming up at you and yet you’re not getting wet…keeping in mind each tracer represented five 37 millimeter bullets. It seemed impossible that they missed us but they did. Once again we aborted the run and climbed to altitude. I can tell you we were very shaken! That mission literally scared the fear out of me. I don’t recall ever being that frightened again, even during various mortar attacks on our bases and other hairy flight missions. We discussed our options and decided that if we went in a third time we would be toast with no cinch we’d hit the target anyway.
We decided that since that target was so dangerous and since we were unable to locate our primary target and since we were getting low on fuel we should abort the entire mission. We went out over the South China Sea and dropped our bombs over the open water.
On September 11, 1967 on a very similar mission and maybe even the same general target, Major Overly and his regular navigator, Captain Peterson, were shot down. Major Overly was captured by the North Vietnamese and Captain Peterson was killed. Major Overly was not badly hurt in his bail-out and and helped nurse Admiral John McCain Jr to "health." Major Overly was released somewhat early as a bargaining gesture by the North Vietnamese, much to the chagrin of Admiral McCain who was, by then, the de-facto commander of the POWs. ... More
Description Da Nang Air Base (Vietnamese: Căn cứ không quân Đà Nẵng) (1930s–1975) (also known as Da Nang Airfield, Tourane Airfield or Tourane Air Base) was a French Air Force and later Republic of Vietnam Air FoDa Nang Air Base (Vietnamese: Căn cứ không quân Đà Nẵng) (1930s–1975) (also known as Da Nang Airfield, Tourane Airfield or Tourane Air Base) was a French Air Force and later Republic of Vietnam Air Force (RVNAF) facility located in the city of Da Nang, Vietnam. During the Vietnam War (1959–1975), it was a major base with United States Army, United States Air Force (USAF), and United States Marine Corps (USMC) units stationed there. Air Vietnam also used the facility from 1951 to 1975 for civilian domestic and international flights within Southeast Asia.... More
Description This period was from March 9, 1967-March 31, 1968. On March 10, 1967. Seventh Air Force F-105s and F-4s bombed a new target. the Thai Nguyen iron and steel plant. 30 miles north of Hanoi. The Rou.mo TThis period was from March 9, 1967-March 31, 1968. On March 10, 1967. Seventh Air Force F-105s and F-4s bombed a new target. the Thai Nguyen iron and steel plant. 30 miles north of Hanoi. The Rou.mo Tnuuoaa bombing campaign continued with strikes against bridges. petroleum storage. cement plants. and power transformer stations near Hanoi. USAF and naval aircraft also conducted armed reconnaissance over most of North Vietnam. Missions against major supply routes from China targeted railroad yards. repair facilities. bridges. and support areas. Early in August 1967 American air attacks against the Paul Doutner Bridge in I-lanoi knocked out the center span. Poor weather in the first 3 months of I968 forced U.S. aircraft to rely almost exclusively on all-weather bombing techniques in North Vietnam; nevertheless. the Paul Doumer Bridge remained unusable most of the time. While overland routes might be interdicted. Haiphong harbor and docks still remained off limits to U.S.
pilots. A continuous flow of supplies moved through the port from the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union, which largely
offset North Vietnam's losses.
U.S. aircraft used electronic countermeasures and other techniques to limit the effectiveness of North Vietnam's antiaircraft defenses. North Vietnamese forces fired 55 SAM: on the average for each U.S. aircraft destroyed. To reduce the threat of a resurgent North Vietnamese Air Force. in April 1967 the United States bombed MiG bases. destroying several jet aircraft on the ground. In aerial combat during the first 6 months of 1967 (primarily in April. May. and June). U.S. pilots destroyed 54 MiGs while losing ll aircraft. But between August 1967 and February 1968. the United States lost l8 aircraft to MiGs while destroying only 5 enemy aircraft. On January 14, 1968. two MiGs shot down an EB-66 that was jamming enemy radars from an orbit 90 miles from Hanoi. The USAF subsequently used the vulnerable EB-66s in already established orbits over Laos and the Gulf of Tonkin. accepting degradation of jamming to lessen the risks of aerial interception.
On April 6, 1967. the North Vietnam Anny and Viet Cong forces attacked Quang Tri. the northemmost provincial capital. 20 miles south of the demilitarized zone. To counter the offensive. on May 18 South Vietnamese and U.S. troops entered the DMZ for the first time. USAF B-52s. tactical air forces. and naval and army artillery strikes combined with Allied ground forces to destroy temporarily NVA strength in the zone. The NVA then shifted its artillery positions north of the DMZ. rebuilt its forces in the area. and on September l renewed attacks on the U.S. Marine base at Con 11tien. Immediately South of the DMZ. With forward air controllers pinpointing artillery and other targets, the USAF began an aerial attempt to destroy enemy positions. and by October 4 the North Vietnam Anny had been forced to withdraw once again.
Shortly afterward. in November 1967, U.S. forces conducting search and destroy operations in the Central Highlands encountered strong Viet Cong resistance near Dalt To. I5 miles east of the border junction between Laos. Cambodia. and the Republic of Vietnam. Tactical aircraft and B-52s provided close air support while USAF C-130s flew supplies and reinforcements to the Dak To airstrip. U.S. air-power inflicted heavy casualties. and the enemy withdrew on November 24.
In the Laotian part of the conflict. during the summer of 1967, Seventh Air Force provided extensive air support to Laotian troops battling the Pathet Lao and North Vietnamese forces on the Plain of Jars near Luang Prabang. The I-lo Chi Minh Trail in the Laotian panhandle also came under constant attack. Between December 1967 and February 1968. Seventh Air Force pilots flew over 20.000 sorties against transportation lines in Laos and claimed destruction of more than 3.000 trucks. But the Communists continued to build up forces in Laos and Cambodia in preparation for a major offensive that began on January 21. 1968. when the NVA surrounded and laid siege to Khe Sanh. a U.S. Marine base in a valley 7 miles east of the Laotian border and 15 miles south of the demilitarized zone.... More
Criteria The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while partic... The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while participating in aerial flight, but not of a degree that would justify an award of the Distinguished Flying Cross. MoreHide
Criteria The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while partic... The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while participating in aerial flight, but not of a degree that would justify an award of the Distinguished Flying Cross. MoreHide
Criteria The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while partic... The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while participating in aerial flight, but not of a degree that would justify an award of the Distinguished Flying Cross. MoreHide
Criteria The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while partic... The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while participating in aerial flight, but not of a degree that would justify an award of the Distinguished Flying Cross. MoreHide
Criteria The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while partic... The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while participating in aerial flight, but not of a degree that would justify an award of the Distinguished Flying Cross. MoreHide
Criteria The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while partic... The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while participating in aerial flight, but not of a degree that would justify an award of the Distinguished Flying Cross. MoreHide
Criteria The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while partic... The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while participating in aerial flight, but not of a degree that would justify an award of the Distinguished Flying Cross. MoreHide
Criteria The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while partic... The Air Medal may be awarded to individuals who, while serving in any capacity with the Armed Forces, distinguish themselves by heroism, outstanding achievement, or by meritorious service while participating in aerial flight, but not of a degree that would justify an award of the Distinguished Flying Cross. MoreHide
Criteria The National Defense Service Medal is awarded for honorable active service as a member of the Armed Forces during the Korean War, Vietnam War, the war against Iraq in the Persian Gulf, and for service... The National Defense Service Medal is awarded for honorable active service as a member of the Armed Forces during the Korean War, Vietnam War, the war against Iraq in the Persian Gulf, and for service during the current War on Terrorism. In addition, all members of the National Guard and Reserve who were part of the Selected Reserve in good standing between August 2, 1990, to November 30, 1995, are eligible for the National Defense Service Medal. In the case of Navy personnel, Midshipment attending the Naval Academy during the qualifying periods are eligible for this award, and Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps (NROTC) Midshipmen ae only eligible if they participated in a summer cruise that was in an area which qualified for a campaign medal. MoreHide
Criteria The Vietnam Service Medal was awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who served at any time between July 4, 1965, and March 28, 1973, in Vietnam or its contiguous waters or airspa... The Vietnam Service Medal was awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who served at any time between July 4, 1965, and March 28, 1973, in Vietnam or its contiguous waters or airspace; or, for any period of service during the same time period in Thailand, Laos, or Cambodia or the air spaces thereover and in direct support of operations in Vietnam. MoreHide
Criteria This medal is awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who: 1. Served for 6 months in South Vietnam during the period 1 Mar 61 and 28 Mar 73; or 2. Served outside the geographical l... This medal is awarded to members of the Armed Forces of the United States who: 1. Served for 6 months in South Vietnam during the period 1 Mar 61 and 28 Mar 73; or 2. Served outside the geographical limits of South Vietnam and contributed direct combat support to the RVN Armed Forces for an aggregate of six months. Only members of the Armed Forces of the United States who meet the criteria established for the AFEM (Vietnam) or Vietnam Service Medal during the period of service required are considered to have contributed direct combat support to the RVN Armed Forces; or 3. Did not complete the length of service required in item (1) or (2) above, but who, during wartime, were: a. Wounded by the enemy (in a military action); b. Captured by the enemy during action or in the line of duty, but later rescued or released; or c. Killed in action or in the line of duty; or 4. Were assigned in Vietnam on 28 Jan 73, and who served a minimum of 60 calendar days in Vietnam during the period 29 Jan 73 to 28 Mar 73. MoreHide
Criteria The United States Air Force awards a single ribbon, known as the Small Arms Expert Marksmanship Ribbon, for an expert qualification on either the M-16 rifle, M-4 carbine or the individuals AFSC's (dut... The United States Air Force awards a single ribbon, known as the Small Arms Expert Marksmanship Ribbon, for an expert qualification on either the M-16 rifle, M-4 carbine or the individuals AFSC's (duty) designated handgun weapon. The ribbon is issued in only one degree; however, a bronze service star may be worn on the ribbon for those who have qualified expert on both the service rifle and handgun. MoreHide
The Mission
During the Vietnam War, the B-57 was chosen as the first jet aircraft to strike North Vietnam. Its long range and loiter capability with a large payload made it the logical choice as the "Night Intruder" for interdiction on the Ho Chi Minh Trail. The use of fire bombs, hard bombs up to 1000 pounds, 20 millimeter and 50 caliber guns made the B-57 a formidable weapons delivery system against the transfer of supplies through Laos and Cambodia into South Vietnam. With the aid of C-130's, OV-10's and Ov-2 aircraft as Forward Air Controllers (FAC), the B-57 was the most effective system used against transporting war goods into South Vietnam through Laos and Cambodia.
The Eighth and Thirteenth Tactical Bomb Squadrons (8TBS, 13TBS) stationed at Clark Air Base, Philippines initially launched sorties from Bien Hoa. Later, Danang Air Base near the DMZ became the base of operations. The final station was Phan Rang (Happy Valley) where the 8TBS, as the oldest continuously operating bomb squadron in the Air Force (World War I), continued the mission until 1969.
The pilot was responsible for the 250 knot dive run and bomb release, but the back seat navigator was a second pair of eyes, spotter, observer, navigator and radio operator. On the pullout, the aircraft and crew were under a four "g" stress without the use of special equipment. Several crews were lost in midair collisions, target fixation and ground fire during the night missions. The most sophisticated piece of equipment in the aircraft was the rheostat which lighted the manually operated bomb sight.
Aircrews who flew early missions into North Vietnam wore the DOOM PUSSY (Danang Officers' Open Mess) patch. The DOOM PUSSY was turned to the wall each night until the crews returned. The words in Vietnamese mean, "I have flown into the jaws of the Cat of Death". Later all crews who participated in the night missions wore the insignia.