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Tom Harmon, Heisman Winner As Michigan Tailback, Dies at 70
By THOMAS ROGERS Published: March 17, 1990
Tom Harmon, an all-America tailback at the University of Michigan who won the Heisman Trophy a half century ago, died of a heart attack late Thursday in Los Angeles soon after completing a round of golf. He was 70 years old.
After winning a golf tournament with a partner at the Bel Air Country Club, Harmon drove to a nearby travel agency to pick up a ticket, collapsed and was taken to the U.C.L.A. Medical Center, where he was pronounced dead in the emergency room.
Harmon, a native of Gary, Ind., gained national fame in 1939 and 1940 as an elusive single-wing tailback for the Michigan Wolverines. He remained in the public eye while earning a Silver Star and a Purple Heart in World War II and for many years afterward as a sports broadcaster.
Bone-Rattling Blocks
At Michigan, the 6-foot 195-pound back was a gifted runner who averaged 5.4 yards a carry, and he also completed more than 100 passes, 16 for touchdowns. He also punted, kicked extra points and prided himself on bone-rattling blocks on offense and tackles on defense.
His day of greatest glory probably came against Ohio State in 1940, in his final collegiate appearance. In the game at Columbus, he led Michigan to a 40-0 victory by running for three touchdowns, passing for two more, kicking four extra points and averaging 50 yards with three punts.
In his career, Harmon scored 237 points in 24 games, ran for 2,134 yards in 398 attempts, completed 101 of 233 passes for 1,399 yards and amassed 3,533 yards on offense.
His 33 touchdowns in three seasons surpassed the 31 that Red Grange scored for Illinois in the mid-1920's, and had Harmon's supporters calling their hero Greater than Grange.
No Interest in Pros
He was voted to all-America teams as a junior and senior and in 1940 was awarded the Heisman, Maxwell and Walter Camp trophies.
When he accepted the Heisman Trophy as the nation's outstanding collegiate football player, Harmon stated that he had no intention of playing professionally. He majored in speech at Michigan and his goal was to be a radio announced. But after his graduation, his first assignment was to star in a film loosely based on his career. The movie, ''Harmon of Michigan,'' paid for a new home for his parents in Ann Arbor, Mich., but failed to impress movie critics or the viewing public.
Harmon was selected first in the 1941 National Football League draft by the Chicago Bears, but he spurned the game's most powerful team and signed to play one game with the New York Americans of a rival league. His pro debut at Yankee Stadium was not auspicious as he gained only 37 yards in 10 running attempts. He earned $1,500 for his efforts.
By December, Harmon had enlisted in the Army Air Corps, where he became a fighter pilot.
Bailing Out Over China
Twice during World War II he was reported missing in action. In April 1943 he crashed into the jungles of Dutch Guiana, which is now Suriname, and marched alone through swamps and rain forests four days before he was rescued by natives.
Later that year, he bailed out of his P-38 fighter plane over China when it was shot down in an air fight. When he reached the ground, there were bullet holes in his parachute, and he pretended he was dead to discourage the enemy pilots from further attacks. He was smuggled back through Japanese-held teritory to an American base by friendly Chinese bands.
When Harmon married Elyse Knox, an actress, on Aug. 26, 1944, the bride used the white silk and white cords from his parachute in her wedding gown.
After the war, Harmon received a $7,000 tax bill for earnings on the movie he had made in 1941. He accepted a $20,000-a-year offer from the Los Angeles Rams football team and performed for them through two unimpressive seasons. Wartime leg injuries robbed him of his former speed and power.
After ending his playing career, Harmon spent the rest of his life as a sports broadcaster in radio and television, based mainly in Los Angeles. In 1974, he joined the Hughes Television Network as a sports director, hired to coordinate sports programming and to serve as a commentator at major golf tournaments.
''Sports broacasting was the only job I ever wanted,'' he said. ''It was the thing I loved because it put me among people I knew and wanted to be with.''
Harmon is survived by his wife; two daughters, Kelly, an actress and model, and Christie Nelson; and a son, Mark Harmon, the actor in movies and television and a former quarterback at U.C.L.A.
American college football star, a sports broadcaster, and patriarch of a family of American actors. As a player, he won the Heisman Trophy in 1940 and is considered by some to be the greatest football player in Michigan Wolverines history. Harmon rushed for 2,134 yards during his career at Michigan, completed 100 passes for 1,304 yards and 16 touchdowns, and scored 237 points. During his career he played all 60 minutes 8 times. He led the nation in scoring in 1939 and 1940, a feat that remains unmatched. From 1946 to 1947 Harmon played football professionally with the Los Angeles Rams. He focused his professional career as planned on being a sports broadcaster on radio and television, one of the first athletes to make the transition from player to on-camera talent. In 1954, Harmon was enshrined in the College Football Hall of Fame.
Served in WW2. Enlisted as a pilot in the Army Air Corps on November 8, 1941. Early in 1943, Harmon parachuted into the South American Jungle when his plane flew into a tropical storm. None of the other crewmen bailed out or survived. He was the object of a massive regional search operation once his plane was reported missing. Four days later he stumbled into a clearing in Dutch Guiana. He then transferred to single seat fighters. He was awarded the Purple Heart and the Silver Star for his actions with the 449th Fighter Squadron. These included having his plane shot down over Japanese occupied China.
World War II killed more people, involved more nations, and cost more money than any other war in history. Altogether, 70 million people served in the armed forces during the war, and 17 million combatants died. Civilian deaths were ever greater. At least 19 million Soviet civilians, 10 million Chinese, and 6 million European Jews lost their lives during the war.
World War II was truly a global war. Some 70 nations took part in the conflict, and fighting took place on the continents of Africa, Asia, and Europe, as well as on the high seas. Entire societies participated as soldiers or as war workers, while others were persecuted as victims of occupation and mass murder.
World War II cost the United States a million causalities and nearly 400,000 deaths. In both domestic and foreign affairs, its consequences were far-reaching. It ended the Depression, brought millions of married women into the workforce, initiated sweeping changes in the lives of the nation's minority groups, and dramatically expanded government's presence in American life.
The War at Home & Abroad
On September 1, 1939, World War II started when Germany invaded Poland. By November 1942, the Axis powers controlled territory from Norway to North Africa and from France to the Soviet Union. After defeating the Axis in North Africa in May 1941, the United States and its Allies invaded Sicily in July 1943 and forced Italy to surrender in September. On D-Day, June 6, 1944, the Allies landed in Northern France. In December, a German counteroffensive (the Battle of the Bulge) failed. Germany surrendered in May 1945.
The United States entered the war following a surprise attack by Japan on the U.S. Pacific fleet in Hawaii. The United States and its Allies halted Japanese expansion at the Battle of Midway in June 1942 and in other campaigns in the South Pacific. From 1943 to August 1945, the Allies hopped from island to island across the Central Pacific and also battled the Japanese in China, Burma, and India. Japan agreed to surrender on August 14, 1945 after the United States dropped the first atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Consequences:
1. The war ended Depression unemployment and dramatically expanded government's presence in American life. It led the federal government to create a War Production Board to oversee conversion to a wartime economy and the Office of Price Administration to set prices on many items and to supervise a rationing system.
2. During the war, African Americans, women, and Mexican Americans founded new opportunities in industry. But Japanese Americans living on the Pacific coast were relocated from their homes and placed in internment camps.
The Dawn of the Atomic Age
In 1939, Albert Einstein wrote a letter to President Roosevelt, warning him that the Nazis might be able to build an atomic bomb. On December 2, 1942, Enrico Fermi, an Italian refugee, produced the first self-sustained, controlled nuclear chain reaction in Chicago.
To ensure that the United States developed a bomb before Nazi Germany did, the federal government started the secret $2 billion Manhattan Project. On July 16, 1945, in the New Mexico desert near Alamogordo, the Manhattan Project's scientists exploded the first atomic bomb.
It was during the Potsdam negotiations that President Harry Truman learned that American scientists had tested the first atomic bomb. On August 6, 1945, the Enola Gay, a B-29 Superfortress, released an atomic bomb over Hiroshima, Japan. Between 80,000 and 140,000 people were killed or fatally wounded. Three days later, a second bomb fell on Nagasaki. About 35,000 people were killed. The following day Japan sued for peace.
President Truman's defenders argued that the bombs ended the war quickly, avoiding the necessity of a costly invasion and the probable loss of tens of thousands of American lives and hundreds of thousands of Japanese lives. His critics argued that the war might have ended even without the atomic bombings. They maintained that the Japanese economy would have been strangled by a continued naval blockade, and that Japan could have been forced to surrender by conventional firebombing or by a demonstration of the atomic bomb's power.
The unleashing of nuclear power during World War II generated hope of a cheap and abundant source of energy, but it also produced anxiety among large numbers of people in the United States and around the world.
